其他
3~11岁儿童新冠疫苗接种为何姗姗来迟?安全吗?
仅供医学专业人士阅读参考
儿童防护不可小视
从7月下旬开始,多地陆续启动12~17岁人群的新冠疫苗接种工作。
根据国家、省联防联控机制统一部署,湖南省长沙市已于10月25日启动3~11岁人群新冠病毒疫苗免费接种,随后多地已经开始部署12岁以下人群的新冠病毒疫苗接种工作。
一
儿童真的不容易感染吗?需要接种新冠疫苗吗?
1、儿童表现为无症状感染者的比例较高,症状轻微、特异性差,不容易与上呼吸道感染、支气管炎、肺炎等儿童高发的呼吸道疾病区别,容易造成人群传播。
2、儿童对戴口罩、手消毒等防护措施依从性较成人差,尤其是低龄的儿童。
3、儿童感染新冠病毒后更容易合并细菌感染、肺炎支原体感染等,
另外,无论是国外还是国内,未成年人确诊比例都明显增加。
图1
二
儿童接种疫苗为何姗姗来迟?
三
儿童新冠疫苗的安全性和有效性如何?
安全性
有效性
四
过敏体质是疫苗接种的禁忌症吗?
因此,过敏体质的儿童是否能接种疫苗还需要进行严格的评估,基于目前的证据来看,过敏体质人群的不良反应发生风险与其他人群相比,并没有显著性的差异,而且过敏体质并非接种疫苗的绝对禁忌症,但还需要更多的临床数据支持[8],能否接种疫苗还需要进行严格的评估和筛选。不过《儿童新冠疫苗接种专家共识》中指出的几种情况可供参考。(往期链接:过敏体质儿童能接种吗?儿童新冠疫苗接种前须知的那些事)
参考资料:
[1] Musa OAH, Chivese T, Bansal D, Abdulmajeed J et. Prevalence and determinants of symptomatic COVID-19 infection among children and adolescent sin Qatar: a cross-sectional analysis of 11 445 individuals. Epidemiol Infect.2021 Jul 2;149:e193.[2] Han, Bihua et al. “Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) in healthy children and adolescents: a double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 1/2 clinical trial.” The Lancet. Infectious diseases, S1473-3099(21)00319-4. 28 Jun.2021[3] Raine J. Confirmation of guidance to vaccination centres on managing allergic reactions following COVID-19 vaccination with thePfizer/BioNTech Vaccine. Press Release. Medicines and Healthcare ProductsRegulatory Agency (MHRA) [(accessed on 15 May 2021)];2020 Dec 9; Availableonline: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/confirmation-of-guidance-to-vaccination-centres-on-managing-allergic-reactions-following-covid-19-vaccination-with-the-pfizer-biontech-vaccine.[4] Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)Oxford University/AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine Approved. [(accessed on 15 May2021)];2020 Dec 30; Available online: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/oxford-universityastrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine-approved.[5] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Interim Clinical Considerations for Use of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Currently Authorized in the United States. [(accessed on 15 May 2021)]; Available online:www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/clinical-considerations.html.[6] Sokolowska M., Eiwegger T., Ollert M.,et al. EAACI statement onthe diagnosis, management and prevention of severe allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines. Allergy. 2021;76:1629–1639.[7] Rojas-Pérez-EzquerraP., Crespo Quirós J., TorneroMolina P., ,et al. Safety of new mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 in severelyallergic patients. J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol. 2021;31:180–181.[8] Liotti L, Bianchi A, Bottau P, Caimmi S,et al. COVID-19 Vaccinesin Children with Cow's Milk and Food Allergies. Nutrients. 2021 Jul30;13(8):2637.版权申明 本文原创 欢迎转发朋友圈- End -